Current Guide to College Degrees, Certifications & Professional Studies (2023)

There are generally four categories of college degrees: associate degree, bachelor’s degree, graduate degree, and doctorate or professional degree. Each category comes with its own particular subcategories, and there are some subtle differences between a doctorate and a professional degree.

If you ever find yourself lost in the sea of abbreviations for degrees, you're not alone. This quick guide is here to clear the air regarding the types of degrees available to you and what each one means.

Guide to College Degrees, Professional Studies & Certifications

Associate Degree

An associate degree is a two-year degree typically offered at community colleges, technical colleges, and career colleges. However, some four-year universities offer them as well. Examples of some associate degrees include Associate of Arts (AA) and Associate of Science (AS).

AS degrees are generally more narrowly focused and prepare students for science and math-related careers. AA degrees are broader and focus on fields outside of math and science such as liberal arts, business administration, criminal justice, and culinary arts.

Some students who earn an associate degree transfer to a four-year program to earn a bachelor’s degree. Others complete associate degrees and then go straight to work.

Bachelor's or Baccalaureate Degree

Bachelor’s degrees require students to complete four- or five-year programs in a specific academic discipline. The two most common types of bachelor’s degrees are bachelor of arts (BA) and bachelor of science (BS). Other types of bachelor’s degrees include the bachelor of fine arts (BFA), and bachelor of architecture (BArch).

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Because bachelor’s degrees train students to enter a specific field, many professional careers require them. Earning a bachelor’s degree can open the door to many job opportunities and increase your potential income.

Some institutions offer a liberal arts and career combination program, also called a 3-2 program. This is a type of dual degree in which a student completes three years of liberal arts study followed by two years of professional or technical study. In the end, students earn two bachelor’s degrees, usually a BA and a BS.

An example of this is Columbia University’s 3-2 Combined Plan program in which students can earn a BA and a BS in five years.

Some colleges also let you earn a teacher certification by combining bachelor's degree study with state certification requirements. State requirements vary, but these programs usually feature professional education courses, including student teaching.

Graduate Degree

Graduate degrees are advanced degrees that some students pursue after earning a bachelor’s degree. The two most common are master of arts (MA) and master of science (MS). Other examples include master of fine arts (MFA) and master of business administration (MBA). A graduate degree is like an extension of a bachelor’s degree whereby a student further enriches their knowledge of their field and narrows their focus of study.

Graduate degrees usually take around two years to attain, but this can vary based on the degree. Many institutions allow students to enroll in a graduate program in a field unrelated to their bachelor’s degree. This may require some extra credit hours, though.

Professional Degree

Students earn professional degrees to become licensed to work in professions like medicine or law. The M.D. degree is an example. Professional programs generally require a college degree before you start them and then at least three years of study to complete.

Doctoral Degree and Professional Degree

The doctorate and professional degrees are the highest levels of education one can attain. They signify mastery of a subject and often come with the coveted title “doctor.” Although the two are similar, there are some important differences.

A doctorate or doctoral degree is a research-oriented degree focused on scholarly development. The most common doctorate is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Despite the name, a PhD covers many disciplines, not just philosophy.

A professional degree is an application-oriented degree, meaning it prepares students for a specific working position. There are many types of professional degrees. Some examples are: doctor of medicine (MD), doctor of pharmacy (PharmD), and doctor of medicine in dentistry (DMD) in the field of medicine, and juris doctor (JD) and doctor of juridical science (SJD) in the field of law.

A graduate degree does not need to precede a doctorate or professional degree. Often, students will go straight into a doctorate or professional program following their bachelor’s, however some programs will require a master’s degree to gain entry. Completion can take anywhere from four to eight years, depending on the field of study.

Many doctoral students work either full-time or part-time while they study in the program. This, along with the field they are studying, will significantly affect the time it takes to complete their degree.

Joint Degrees

Some students may choose to pursue a joint degree, also known as a dual degree, which means they simultaneously study for a bachelor’s degree and a graduate degree. Joint degrees can be pursued in the same college or can be split between two different colleges. For example, Berklee College of Music and Harvard University offer a dual bachelor’s/master’s program in which a student receives a bachelor of arts (BA) at Harvard and a master of music (MM) or master of arts (MA) at Berklee.

Depending on the program, it may be possible to study at the same time for a master's degree and a doctorate. For example, the University of Southern California offers a program leading to doctor of pharmacy and master of public health degrees.

FAQ

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How do academic degrees go in order?

There are four types of degrees. In order of level of education, they rank as associate degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s or graduate degrees, and doctorate or professional degrees.

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How many degrees are there in college?

Most community colleges offer only two-year associate degrees, while most four-year colleges offer bachelor’s, graduate, and doctorate or professional degrees. Some four-year colleges may also have associate degree programs.

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How many years do you have to be in college to achieve certain degrees?

Though it will vary between academic disciplines, associate degrees usually take two years to achieve, bachelor’s degrees take four years, master’s degrees take two years, and doctorate or professional degrees can take anywhere from four to eight years.

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What is an eight-year degree?

An “eight-year degree” typically refers to a doctorate degree or PhD. Although some doctorates can be completed in as little as three years, these degrees typically require more time studying highly specialized subjects. Students in these programs often must defend a dissertation while already working a professional job.

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What are the four years of college called?

The first four years of college are the undergraduate years, and a student studying for a bachelor’s degree is called an undergraduate. The four years refer to the total accumulated credit hours; a student may take fewer or more than four years to attain their undergraduate degree.

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What does a graduate degree mean?

A graduate degree or master’s degree is an advanced degree that some students pursue after earning a bachelor’s degree. Earning a graduate degree signifies mastery of a particular field of study and focuses more intensely on a subject than a bachelor’s degree does. Graduate degrees usually take two years to attain.

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What do you call a master's student?

A master's student is called a graduate student or “grad student” for short. A student still studying for a bachelor’s degree is called an undergraduate student or “undergrad student.”

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How many years is a master's degree?

Graduate degrees usually take around two years to attain, but this can vary based on the degree. Many institutions allow students to enroll in a graduate program in a field unrelated to their bachelor’s degree, although it may require some extra credit hours.

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FAQs

What are the 4 types of degrees? ›

There are generally four categories of college degrees: associate degree, bachelor's degree, graduate degree, and doctorate or professional degree.

What is a difference between a college degree and a professional certificate? ›

Certificate programs tend to focus on developing the core skill needed for a job. Degree programs cover a wide diversity of subjects and provide a broad depth of knowledge. They also often include classes outside of core requirements.

What kind of degree is professional studies? ›

What is Professional Studies? The Bachelor of Science in Professional Studies is a degree-completion program designed for working professionals. This degree program is available in many concentrations and allows individuals to transfer completed college credits to finish their bachelor's degrees.

What is a 8 year degree called? ›

A doctorate degree typically takes anywhere from four to six years to complete. On average, a Ph. D. is earned within eight years. The length of time it takes to earn your doctorate is based on numerous factors.

What are the 5 levels of education? ›

Early childhood education is followed by primary school (called elementary school in the United States), middle school, secondary school (called high school in the United States), and then postsecondary (tertiary) education.

What are the top 3 degrees? ›

Business tops the list of the most popular college majors for high school students who will be graduating in 2022 and 2023.
...
For the graduating class of 2022, the five highest interest majors were:
  • Business (6.93% of responding students)
  • Nursing (5.57%)
  • Psychology (5.52%)
  • Biology (5.34%)
  • Medicine/Pre-Medicine (4.00%)
Feb 16, 2022

What are professional certificates examples? ›

10 in-demand professional certificates
  • Project Management Professional (PMP) ...
  • Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) ...
  • Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) ...
  • Certified Business Intelligence Professional (CBIP) ...
  • Java. ...
  • Certified Professional in Healthcare Quality.
Aug 30, 2021

Does a certificate count as a degree? ›

While certificates do not result in a degree, they are also awarded at undergraduate and graduate levels.

Are college certificates worth IT? ›

A certificate program can be a valuable investment if you are looking to gain in-demand skills and knowledge in a particular field. Depending on your field, earning your certificate can open doors to new job opportunities, promotions with increased salaries, and specializations in areas related to your job.

Are professional studies degrees worth it? ›

A degree in professional studies is worth it for many students. If life has interrupted your college goals, a degree in professional studies can help you get back on track toward earning your bachelors degree. As a college graduate, you may find additional career opportunities available to you.

What is a professional certificate degree? ›

A professional certificate program usually consists of focused training for a specific career, such as a health care technologist or auto mechanic. Alternatively, you can earn a certificate in an area that will bolster your existing career, such as security management or communications and media studies.

What is meant by professional studies? ›

Professional Courses means providing students with industry-specific skills. A professional course provides students with practical skills. Students become job-ready after the course. In comparison, the goal of a degree course is to provide them with a strong academic foundation and expertise in a particular subject.

What is the lowest college degree? ›

College Degrees in Order: Levels of Education
  • Associate Degree.
  • Bachelor's Degree.
  • Master's Degree.
  • Doctoral Degree.

What is higher than a PhD? ›

The Doctor of Divinity (DDiv) and the Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) are considered by Oxford to outrank all other degrees, including a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. The DDiv is usually awarded for academic accomplishments beyond the PhD level.

What's the longest degree to get? ›

Doctoral degrees can take up to 7 years of intense study to complete.

What are the 7 levels of education? ›

Education Statistics (EdStats)
  • ISCED 0 = Early childhood education.
  • ISCED 1 = Primary Education.
  • ISCED 2 = Lower Secondary Education.
  • ISCED 3 = Upper Secondary Education.
  • ISCED 4 = Post-secondary non-Tertiary Education.
  • ISCED 5 = Short-cycle tertiary education.
  • ISCED 6 = Bachelors degree or equivalent tertiary education level.

What are the 7 levels of learning? ›

Bloom's Revised Taxonomy
  • Remember. Definition: retrieve, recall, or recognize relevant knowledge from long-term memory (e.g., recall dates of important events in U.S. history, remember the components of a bacterial cell). ...
  • Understand. ...
  • Apply. ...
  • Analyze. ...
  • Evaluate. ...
  • Create.
Apr 14, 2022

What are the steps of college degrees? ›

At a glance. Academic degree levels in order are associate degree, bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctoral degree. Students may also earn certificates as academic credentials.

What degree is most in demand? ›

Most In-Demand Degrees
  1. Pharmacology. For a lucrative career helping people, pharmacology is at the top of the list for in-demand degrees. ...
  2. Computer Science. ...
  3. Health Science. ...
  4. Information Technology. ...
  5. Engineering. ...
  6. Business Administration. ...
  7. Finance. ...
  8. Human Resources.

What is the coolest degree to have? ›

  • Puppet Arts. ...
  • Race Track Industry. ...
  • Recreation and Leisure Studies. ...
  • Sexuality Studies. ...
  • Surf Science and Technology. ...
  • Turfgrass Science. ...
  • Viticulture and Enology. ...
  • Wildlife.
Oct 11, 2022

What degree is most useful? ›

What Are the 15 Most Useful Degrees?
  1. Computer Science. What you need: A strong understanding of math and logic, alongside a great appreciation of computers and interestd in how they work. ...
  2. Nursing. ...
  3. Law. ...
  4. Pharmaceutical Science (Pharmacy) ...
  5. Education. ...
  6. Mathematics. ...
  7. Veterinary Science. ...
  8. Engineering.
Oct 23, 2022

What are 3 current certifications? ›

What Are the Best IT Certifications for 2023?
  • Google Cloud. ...
  • Amazon Web Services (AWS) Certifications. ...
  • Cisco Certifications. ...
  • ITIL and IT Service Management. ...
  • CompTIA Certifications. ...
  • Product Management, Agile and Scrum (PMP®, Scrum Master, Prince2) ...
  • VMware.
Jan 31, 2023

What is the easiest certification to get? ›

Easy certifications to obtain
  • First aid certifications. ...
  • Project management certifications. ...
  • Software certifications. ...
  • Government certifications. ...
  • Notary public certification. ...
  • Forklift operator license. ...
  • Computer programming certifications. ...
  • Marketing certifications.
Feb 25, 2020

What are the three types of certification? ›

There are three general types of certification. Listed in order of development level and portability, they are: corporate (internal), product-specific, and profession-wide. Corporate, or "internal" certifications, are made by a corporation or low-stakes organization for internal purposes.

Which is higher degree or certificate? ›

Both degree and certificate programs teach candidates the knowledge and skills required to work in their field. While degrees are typically more extensive, certificate programs also prepare candidates thoroughly for their careers.

What is better a certificate or an associate's degree? ›

Employability: Certificate programs are usually more time- and cost-effective, but that is because students are exposed to fewer classes, leaving them with only a general knowledge of the subject. Associate degree programs, on the other hand, usually focus on more of an in-depth knowledge of a wider range of subjects.

Are certifications more valuable than college degrees? ›

While certifications are a cost-effective option, degrees offer a more well-rounded education. If you're looking to further your knowledge in IT-related fields, there are two paths to take -- certifications and degrees. Both paths have benefits, but they are certainly not the same.

What college certificate pays the most? ›

The top ten highest paying college certificates are:
  • Information Security/Cybersecurity.
  • Computer Science.
  • Project Management.
  • Information Technology.
  • Human Resources.
  • Business Administration.
  • Bookkeeper/Accounting Technology.
  • Website Design.
Nov 11, 2022

Why get a certificate instead of a degree? ›

Certificate programs can be more flexible and less costly than a traditional bachelor's or master's degree. You won't need to fulfill the general education requirements that are part of a traditional bachelor's degree program. And some certificate courses can later be applied to a bachelor's or master's degree.

Do employers care about certificates? ›

Certificates Can Help Make Up for a Lack of Experience

If you're applying for new jobs, look at your resume like a hiring manager would. In some cases, adding a professional certificate could make up for a lack of real-life experience.

Which professional degree is best for future? ›

Here are some fields that are expected to have growth potential and continue to develop.
  • Engineering. Engineering is a large scientific branch focused on the practical design and building of structures or machines. ...
  • Healthcare. ...
  • Psychology. ...
  • Computer Science. ...
  • Business. ...
  • Information Technology. ...
  • Accounting. ...
  • Economics & Finance.

Is a professional degree higher than a bachelor's? ›

Similar to advanced academic degrees, like doctorates and certain master's, professional degrees are considered terminal degrees—or the highest degree you can achieve in an area. You can typically begin pursuing one after graduating with your bachelor's degree.

What is the best professional course to do? ›

Top Trending Professional Courses in 2023
  • Cloud Computing. ...
  • Project Management. ...
  • Business Analytics. ...
  • Chartered Financial Analyst. ...
  • Digital Marketing. ...
  • Machine Learning. ...
  • Wealth Management. ...
  • Medical and Biological Science.
Feb 3, 2023

Can you get a job with just a professional certificate? ›

Certificates work! In the least amount of time, and for the least amount of money, they provide people with the right knowledge and skills to land a job. Employers are increasingly demanding professional certification in addition to a degree from college graduates.

What level is a professional certificate in education? ›

The Professional Graduate Certificate in Education level 6 is also a stand-alone qualification for those wishing to become a teacher in the post-compulsory sector or an advanced pathway for those completing a Diploma in Education and Training level 5.

How many professional degrees are there? ›

The five professional courses are MA, MBA, MFA, MJMC and LLB.

What are the components of professional studies? ›

FIVE Subjects constituting the Professional studies :
  • TEACHING METHODS AND GENERAL TEACHING SKILLS.
  • RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATION.
  • EDUCATIONAL MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY.
  • EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION.
  • GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN EDUCATION.

How many years of college is a professional degree? ›

A professional degree helps students prepare for careers in specific fields, such as law, pharmacy, medicine, and education. The length of the programs vary and can span anywhere from one to five years, depending on the institution you attend.

What is the least regretted degree? ›

The least regretted college majors, which graduates would choose all over again, are reportedly Computer and Information Sciences, Criminology, Engineering, Nursing, Health, Business Administration and Management, Finance, Psychology, Construction Trades, and Human Resources Management.

What's the easiest bachelor's degree? ›

Business Administration. According to most sources, a bachelor's in business administration is the most commonly sought-after college degree among all majors. CollegeVine ranked it as their No. 1 easiest college major because the average GPA and ROI are high while the weekly workload is low.

What is the hardest degree to get in college? ›

What are the hardest degree subjects? The hardest degree subjects are Aerospace Engineering, Law, Chartered Accountancy, Architecture, Chemistry, Medicine, Pharmacy, Psychology, Statistics, Nursing, Physics, Astrophysics, Biomedical Engineering, Astronomy, and Dentistry.

Is 60 too old to get a PhD? ›

Reason #1: There are no age limits to PhD programs, nor is age a factor in selection. Many people believe that graduate programs have age limits or a bias against older applicants. This is completely untrue!

Can you be called Doctor with a doctorate? ›

A doctoral degree (PhD) is a degree that one earns after a master's degree. A PhD entitles a person to use the title doctor.

Why are doctors called doctors without a PhD? ›

Doctor comes from the Latin word for "teacher" and originally referred to a small group of theologians who had approval from the Church to speak on religious matters. Eventually the term saw greater use referring to qualified academic and medical professionals.

What is a 5 year degree called? ›

Bachelor's or Baccalaureate Degree

Bachelor's degrees require students to complete four- or five-year programs in a specific academic discipline. The two most common types of bachelor's degrees are bachelor of arts (BA) and bachelor of science (BS).

What is a 6 year degree called? ›

The 6 Types of Degrees at University (Associate to Doctorate)
#Type of DegreeAverage Length (Full-Time Study)
3Masters2 years
4Doctorate6-9 years
5Professional Degree4 years
6Honorary DoctorateN/A
2 more rows
Sep 9, 2021

What are the top 4 degrees? ›

Associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees vary in terms of prerequisites, lengths, and requirements. College degrees generally fall into four categories: associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral.

Which degree is the highest paid? ›

The No. 1 spot goes to electrical engineering and computer science. The early-career median pay for majors is $119,200 annually.

What is the highest degree? ›

A doctorate degree is the highest traditional academic degree. Earning a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) or a Doctor of Education (Ed. D.)

What is higher than PhD? ›

The Doctor of Divinity (DDiv) and the Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) are considered by Oxford to outrank all other degrees, including a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. The DDiv is usually awarded for academic accomplishments beyond the PhD level.

What is the easiest degree to get? ›

The 16 Easiest College Majors – 2023 Rankings
  • Psychology.
  • Criminal Justice.
  • English.
  • Education.
  • Religious Studies.
  • Social Work.
  • Sociology.
  • Communications.
Nov 1, 2022

What are easy degrees that pay well? ›

8 Easy Degrees That Pay Well
  • Business Administration. Business administration is one major that is usually considered “easy.” Some programs will also only take 3 years to finish! ...
  • English. ...
  • Human Resources. ...
  • Criminal Justice. ...
  • Marketing. ...
  • Supply Chain Management. ...
  • Psychology. ...
  • Communication.
Dec 22, 2022

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